Commenced training in 1974 with the Hong Kong Aikido Association under the direction of Ken Cottier Sensei. Trained in the USA under Bill Sosa Sensei and Koichi Tohei Shihan. Trained in Singapore under the direction of Harry Ng Sensei and Phillip Lee Sensei. Graded to Shodan in 1996. Graded to Nidan at the 2010 Autumn Gasshuku by Gordon Jones Shihan, Chief Instructor U.K.A.